Which type of genetic testing is the most sensitive method for detecting any mutation in a specific gene?

The most sensitive method for detecting mutations in a specific gene is direct DNA sequencing. This technique provides a comprehensive analysis of the nucleotide sequence of DNA, allowing for the identification of even the smallest changes in the genetic code. By sequencing the entire length of the gene of interest, any point mutations, insertions, or deletions can be detected with high precision. This sensitivity is crucial when the goal is to identify specific genetic variations associated with diseases or conditions.

In contrast, techniques like restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and Southern blotting are generally useful for detecting larger mutations or structural variations in DNA but may not be as effective in identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or subtle changes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while highly effective for amplifying specific DNA sequences, does not inherently provide information about the sequence itself unless coupled with subsequent sequencing methods. Therefore, direct DNA sequencing emerges as the most sensitive and definitive method for pinpointing mutations in individual genes.