Which method is commonly used to detect genetic mutations?

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a foundational technique in molecular biology that is commonly used to amplify specific segments of DNA, making it an essential tool for detecting genetic mutations. By selectively replicating the target DNA segments, PCR allows for the identification of mutations present within those segments. Once amplified, the DNA can then be analyzed using various methods, including sequencing or gel electrophoresis, to determine if any mutations exist.

PCR is particularly effective because it requires only a small amount of starting material and can be highly specific to the regions of interest. This specificity and sensitivity make it a preferred method in genetic testing, diagnostic settings, and research focused on understanding genetic disorders or variations.

While other methods mentioned, such as gel electrophoresis, western blotting, and CRISPR analysis, can be involved in the process of genetic research and mutation detection, they serve different purposes. Gel electrophoresis, for example, is used for separating DNA fragments based on size and does not amplify DNA on its own. Western blotting is primarily used for protein analysis rather than DNA, and CRISPR analysis is a more advanced technique for gene editing, which may involve mutation detection but typically requires prior amplification or analysis methods like PCR.