What role do oncogenes play in cancer development?

Oncogenes play a pivotal role in the development of cancer primarily by promoting cell division. These genes are mutated or overexpressed versions of normal genes known as proto-oncogenes, which are involved in regulating cell growth and division. When functioning properly, proto-oncogenes help to ensure that cell division occurs in a controlled manner, allowing for normal growth and tissue repair.

However, when these genes become activated as oncogenes, they can lead to unregulated cell proliferation. This excessive cell division contributes to tumor formation and cancer progression, as the cells may continue to multiply even in the absence of necessary growth signals, bypassing the normal regulatory mechanisms.

Understanding the role of oncogenes is crucial in cancer biology and helps inform treatment strategies. Targeting the signaling pathways associated with oncogenes can provide avenues for effective therapies aimed at inhibiting the growth of cancer cells.