What is the primary goal of carrier testing in genetic counseling?

The primary goal of carrier testing in genetic counseling is to provide couples with information on reproductive options. This type of testing helps identify individuals who carry one copy of a gene mutation that, when present in two copies, can lead to genetic disorders. By understanding their carrier status, couples can make informed decisions about family planning, including the risks of passing on genetic conditions to their children. This information is crucial for assessing the likelihood of conceiving a child affected by a particular genetic disorder and for exploring various reproductive choices, such as in vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic diagnosis, prenatal testing, or even adoption.

In contrast, diagnosing existing genetic disorders is not the main focus of carrier testing; rather, it is aimed at predicting potential future risks. Additionally, mental health status is not relevant to carrier testing, as it specifically addresses genetic conditions rather than psychological or psychiatric assessments. Lastly, while understanding genetic diversity has its importance in the broader context of genetics, it is not the primary purpose of carrier testing, which is more concerned with individual risks and reproductive considerations specific to identifiable genetic conditions.