What is known about the familial risks of developing cancer related to genetic conditions?

Cancer risk can indeed be inherited through genes, which makes option C the correct choice. Certain genetic conditions and mutations, such as those in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, are well-documented as increasing the likelihood of developing specific types of cancer, like breast and ovarian cancer. When a gene mutation that is associated with cancer is present in a family, the risk for immediate relatives, such as siblings and offspring, can significantly increase due to shared genetic material.

This hereditary aspect underscores the importance of genetic counseling and testing for family members of individuals diagnosed with hereditary cancer syndromes. By understanding the genetic background and potential predispositions, families can make informed decisions about screening and preventative measures.

Regarding the other options, the claim that all family members will be affected is inaccurate because not everyone inherits the same genetic mutations. It is also misleading to say that the risk is generally lower for immediate relatives, as the risk is often higher for them, particularly if there's a known hereditary cancer syndrome in the family. Lastly, the idea that familial ties have no effect on cancer risk overlooks the genetic component of cancer predisposition, which is a critical factor in understanding and assessing cancer risks in families.